For the sake of comparing the accuracy of the artificial neural network to other statistical methods, 39 cultivars and liens of rapeseed were evaluated in terms of tolerance to salinity with the Artificial Neural Network and other statistical methods. Canola varieties were sown in a randomized complete block experiment with four repeats in two not identical irrigation conditions (normal and salinity, respectively, 0.831 dSm−1 and 8.7 dSm−1) in Kerman, Iran. The experimental outcomes (the existence of a significant difference between cultivars, as well as the significance of the environmental × cultivar interaction effect and on the other hand the non-significance, 0.021, of the correlation between cultivar\'s performance in two irrigation conditions) showed that there are the necessary genetic diversity between genotypes for breeding purposes. The four endurance indices including harmonic mean, stress tolerance index, mean product, and geometric mean product had positive and significant correlations with seed performance in both irrigation conditions. According to this, these four indices were the best for predicting salinity tolerant cultivars. The varieties such as Talaye, Talaieh, T98007, Ahmadi, Modena, Option 500 and PP-4010 had high yield in both environments and they are recommended for cultivation in salty soils.
The farming system defined at the household level and influenced by resource variations comprises diverse elements such as crops, livestock, socioeconomics, and farm management. Diverse topography leads to varied integrated farming practices across Terai, Mid Hill, and Mountain regions of Nepal. This study was conducted in 2019 in Kailali, the Terai district within the Karnali River system, focused on analyzing farming systems in the plain Terai of the river system, examining dominant enterprises and adoption factors with emphasis on the factors influencing horticultural enterprise adoption. The dominant integrated farming system included horticulture, livestock, and agronomy. Household participation showed consistent patterns, with a majority opting for main cereal and horticultural crops, integrating livestock, and less emphasis on fruit trees. In the study area, the adoption of horticultural enterprise is significantly related to total land ownership, years of experience in farming, and training. The horticultural enterprise, encompassing economically significant cash crops and fruits, is a primary focus in the Terai region. This aligns with government priorities, highlighting the importance of promoting and supporting horticultural practices for economic development in the area. The findings emphasize the importance of considering diverse socioeconomic and personal variables for promoting horticultural enterprise adoption in rural agricultural development in Nepal.
We examine the evapotranspiration (ET) process and some chemical and physical properties of soil, such as soil salinity, soil hydraulic (SH), soil texture, soil electrical (SE), and soil mineral, to explain the relationship between the atmosphere and the soil degradation processes. The result reveals that, in the two stations observed, the difference between ET and precipitation value, even though they are very close, does not have a significant correlation. The remarkable complexity of the soil resulted in a higher value on the SE, CEC and SH in station A, whereas it had a low ET value, and the opposite result occurred at station B. The mineral content of the soil in station A was dominated by Kaolinite while in station B it was dominated by Montmorilonite; however, their salinity level was low. This study provided varying content of chemical elements in the two stations observable, such as Si, Al, Ca, Fe, Ti, Na, S, Mn, Co, P, Mg, K, Cr, Re, Cu, Ni, V, Yb, and Sc, even though they have an irregular pattern. The unique find that the abundance of the rear earth element elements like Eu, Yb and Sc in station A may be due to its low ET value. This information directly related the impact of the soil properties to the ET value and reveals that radiation, air temperature, humidity, wind speed, and plant characteristics were not the only parameters to be taken into account in determining the ET rate.
It is generally subjected to a drying process to extend the shelf life of agricultural products and to obtain products with high added value. Commonly used drying methods are open-sun, hot air, infrared, microwave, and hybrid methods. The open-sun drying method is advantageous in terms of energy consumption and practicality. However, it is quite disadvantageous in terms of obtaining a homogeneous temperature distribution and hygienic end product. For this reason, renewable energy sources are used both to reduce the increasing energy consumption and to provide a quality and fast drying process. Especially solar dryers have become quite popular. However, one of the most important problems in solar dryers in the literature review is the temperature difference between the drying racks. This problem causes an increase in energy consumption and the formation of end products that are not of homogeneous quality. In this study, the temperature distribution between the shelves of a conventional dryer with a solar assisted heat pump was modeled with artificial neural networks. Present calculations revealed the lowest total cost value as 54.48 at 55 �C target temperature, 3.5 m/s airflow rate, and 43� diffuser angle of the drying machine.
Bitcoin and its alternatives have grown into traded assets attracting billions of dollars daily. These cryptocurrencies have experienced numerous episodes of extreme volatility and apparent discontinuities (jumps) in the price process, as well as displaying memory dependence structure. Models accounting for these features will be welcome by investors venturing in these new digital assets. The primary objective of this paper is to develop a prediction\nmodel to account for the morphology of uncertainty in these features as well as the memory dependence exhibited by Bitcoin exchange rates.
Background & Objective: Most pregnant women experience a degree of anxiety before and after cesarean. Anxiety can have unfavorable complications for the mother and the baby. Given the probable relationship of social support with the amount of anxiety, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between perceived social support and anxiety before and after cesarean in the pregnant women referring to Besat Hospital in Sanandaj in 2018.\nMaterials and methods: This study was a descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional study performed on 180 pregnant women under selective cesarean section surgery in 2018. Using the available sampling method, pregnant women referring to Besat Hospital in Sanandaj were selected with the criteria to enter the study. The data collection method in this study was a two-part questionnaire of demographic and midwifery information, perceived social support questionnaire and Dass 21 anxiety questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16, descriptive statistics, and the Pearson correlation test.\n\nResult: Results indicated that the degree of the overall rate of anxiety before cesarean was 58.9% and in the post operation stage 19.5% respectively. In addition, there was a negative significant difference between social support and anxiety before the operation (p<0.05, r= -0.633), and anxiety after cesarean (P<0.05, r= -0.476).\nConclusion: The results of the study showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between perceived social support and anxiety before and after cesarean section. Hence it is advised that interventions be designed to identify and promote the level of social support in the pregnant women enrolled for Cesarean.
Background: To explore the effect of hysterectomy on the recurrence, menstruation and pregnancy outcomes in patients with different degrees of intrauterine adhesions. Methods: 300 patients of intrauterine adhesions admitted to our hospital from February 2017 to January 2020 were selected. Randomly divided into group I (group A), group II (group B) and group III (group C) according to the degree of intrauterine adhesions. 100 cases in each group. All of them were given hysteroscopic adhesions separation. The hysteroscopy was reviewed 3 months after surgery to compare the uterine cavity morphology reconstruction, the degree and treatment effect of the intrauterine adhesion, endometrial thickness and menstrual volume, pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes. Results: Compared with group A, the reconstruction rates of groups B and C were significantly reduced (P <0.05), and the reconstruction rate of group C was lower than that of group B (P <0.05). Compared with group A and group B, the re-adhesion rate of group C was significantly increased (P <0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between group A and group B (P >0.05). Further we compared the effect of surgical treatment. Compared with group A, the treatment effect of group B and group C was significantly reduced (P <0.05), and the treatment effect of group C was lower than group B (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in endometrial thickness and menstrual volume among three groups before treatment (P >0.05). After treatment, the endometrial thickness and menstrual volume in three groups were significantly increased (P <0.05); and group A has statistical difference compared with group B and group C (P <0.05), group B has significant statistical difference compared with group C (P <0.05). As the degree of intrauterine adhesion increased, the pregnancy rate and live birth rate of three groups gradually decreased, compared with group B and group C, group A had statistical difference (P <0.05), while group B had no significant difference compared with group C (P >0.05). Conclusion: It is demonstrated that the treatment effect and prognosis of patient are related to the degree of intrauterine adhesion. As the degree of intrauterine adhesion increases, the treatment effect and prognosis of patients are worse, the more treatment may be needed.
Chickpea is a major Rabi crop that meets the daily meal needs due to its high-quality protein, essential minerals, vitamins, and dietary fiber. The productivity level of chickpea in Pakistan is at its lowest level when compared with other major chickpea producing countries, it is due to\nits conventional management practices by farmers. The demand and supply gap also putting pressure on prices because of which this high-quality protein is becoming unreachable to the poor. The production of chickpea in Pakistan has caught in a nasty phase of low yield and poor earnings due to poor agronomic practices, lack of access to improved high yielding varieties, weed and disease management, lack of mechanization, labor shortage, poor post-harvest management, Govt. policies and higher price instability are the important dynamics responsible\nfor the dormancy of chickpea crop that tempts farmer to grow other profitable crops. Therefore, this crop is pushed out from irrigated fertile land to rain-fed marginal areas. To achieve\nnutritional security of poor masses, an increase in domestic production is the best substitute that will also lead to price stability and enhance the socioeconomic level of farmers through assured procurement
Abstract\nTitle :\nReview of the Effect of Mobilization-With-Movement and Eccentric Exercise in Lateral Epicondylosis.\nBackground: Lateral epicondylosis is also acknowledged as tennis elbow is caused by injury to the proximal tendinous attachment of the extensor carpi radialis brevis. The condition is associated with people such as carpenters, musicians, sportspersons, housewives, typists, construction workers, etc. Manual physiotherapy techniques with established benefits in lateral epicondylosis are numerous.\nObjective: The objective of this systematic review is to explore the effectiveness of Mobilization-with-Movement (MWM) and eccentric exercise compared with control on lateral epicondylosis (either in isolation or coupled with other treatments)\nStudy design: Systematic review\nMethod: Several electronic databases were searched up to February 2020. The eligibility for inclusion was examined by two reviewers through the evaluation of the article abstract and full article. Methodological quality was assessed by employing PEDro scale. At least one functional/ disability outcome measures such as pain scale, isometric grip strength, pain-pressure threshold, and relevant questionnaires were used in the studies.\nResults: 21 articles (9 for MWM and 12 for eccentric exercises) were included. Remarkably superior improvements were observed in all studies following MWM treatment whereas in the case of studies with eccentric exercise, although beneficial improvements were seen in all studies, only 7 out of 12 studies showed superior improvement as compared to other therapies. \nConclusions: With the help of this evidence, we can suggest that MWM has better potential for treating lateral epicondylosis. Eccentric exercise can be utilized for inclusion in multimodal therapy. There is underpowered evidence of utilization of these approaches differentiating acute and chronic cases.\nKeywords: tennis elbow, physiotherapy, MWM, eccentric
One of the essential needs of human nutrition is animal protein. In recent years, poultry meat is used as a valuable source of protein in human nutrition in Iran and the world. The poultry industry uses antibiotics to improve meat production through increased feed conversion, growth rate promotion and disease prevention. However, antibiotic-free production of poultry has become increasingly popular. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors effecting the poultry decision making to production of healthy poultry (with emphasis on the attitude role). The statistical society of this research is poultry farmers in Isfahan (Iran). The sample size was determined using Cochran formula and by use of random sampling method 110 poultry farmer were determined, as the sample population. The research method was descriptive-survey method and the tool of this research was questionnaire. A comparative methodological approach of multiple-regression analysis and the structural equation modeling (SEM) was adopted. Regarding these variables said using regression analysis, the variables of consumer health, environmental health, chicken health, government support, group media and type of poultry saloon, were determined and explained about 83.5% of the changes the attitude of the poultry farmer to produce of healthy crop production. Empirical results of a structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis revealed that the three following components of the original TPB model had statistically significant positive relationships with farmers\' engagement intention in PNAP practices. These components were attitude, perceived behavioral control (PBC) and social norms. The findings provide valuable inputs to design effective approaches to motivate farmers’ engagement in food safety behaviors. They furthermore help policy makers to support farmers in PNAP practices\' accomplishment in Iran.