Nepovirus Grapevine FanLeaf Virus (GFLV) is among the viruses that cause the infectious degeneration of grapevines. It is transmitted by the ectoparasitic nematode Xiphenema index. This study aimed to investigate the GFLV virus in 25 vineyards located in north-central Algeria and occupied by nine different grape varieties. Several surveys were carried out during the period 2015-2023, to collect samples presenting typical symptoms of a possible GFLV infection. Immunological screening for GFLV in the 376 samples collected was carried out using the specific DAS-ELISA technique. Our results showed the presence of typical GFLV symptoms in all the vineyards surveyed. Statistical analysis using the FACM technique demonstrated that the most discriminating symptoms are growth retardation, developmental anomalies, and flower abortion. Anomalies display correlations with deformation and growth delays at proportions of 65.3% and 61%, respectively. Similarly, sagging correlates with these symptoms at a rate of 69.5%. Furthermore, growth delay exhibits a notable correlation of 78.6% with the symptom of flower aboration. The DAS-ELISA serological test shows an infection rate of 43.35% on 376 samples tested. Dattier Beyrouth and Dabouki grape varieties are the most infected, with infection rates of 25.15% and 22.70%, respectively, which represents almost half of all the samples tested. The SO4 rootstock has the highest infection rate, with a 52.15% infection rate.

It is most probable that the pandemic with its disruptive and devastating impact to the economy could have changed the risk profile of the listed companies in different jurisdictions. Based on the fact that the King IV report on corporate governance requires listed companies to disclose risk management in their integrated reports in South Africa, the main goal of this study is to assess if the COVID-19 impact culminated into the changing risk profiles of the top 40 JSE listed companies. This is a qualitative research study which employed empirical content analysis of annual integrated reports for the top 40 JSE listed companies from 2019 representing the preCOVID-19 period and 2020-2021 representing the years during covid-19, and 2022 representing a post-COVID-19 period. A comparative of the risk profiles through the four years was made to identify the risks that emerged during the pandemic and dropped or continued post-COVID-19. The results indicated that 70% of the forty sampled companies recognised the COVID-19 related risks as emerging risks and added them on their companies’ risk profiles while 30% did not. Most of the 30% that did not recognise COVID-19 related risks as emerging risks were from those companies that rendered the deemed essential services during the 21-day lockdown effected in South Africa at the onset of the pandemic. It can be concluded that the COVID-19 impact culminated in the changing risk profiles for the majority of the top 40 JSE listed companies.

This work aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition of C. aurantium and C.sinensis essential oils and aqueous extracts and their antioxidant, insecticidal, repellent and phytotoxic potential. The chemical composition of essential oils, isolated by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). High percentages of monoterpenes hydrocarbons was revealed (93.53 and 98%). Limonene was identified as main compound (88.77 and 95.12% for C. sinensis and C. aurantium, respectively) in the two analysed species. Nevertheless, C. sinensis essential oil was distinguished by the presence of Linalool (5.63%). Aqueous extracts showed considerable contents of total phenols (27.54 and 46.89 mgEGA/mg DW), total flavonoids (7.47-10.18 mg EQ/gDW), and condensed tannins (3.7 and 4.46 mg EC/gDW). The antioxidant capacity determined by 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) revealed that aqueous extracts exhibited the best activity (IC50= 33.8 μg/mL and 57.41 μg/mL) which was correlated to their phenolic contents. The insecticidal and repellent activities were also evaluated against insect pest of stored wheat, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). The Basalt, "Farina di Basalto", which is a volcanic rock and a natural fertilizer rich in nutriments was also used for this test. Significantly higher insecticidal activity of C.aurantium essential oil (LC90= 38.173 mg/ml) and basalt (LC90=56.703 mg/ml) were recorded when compared to aqueous extracts. The best repellent capacity was revealed for C. aurantium essential oil. The present findings revealed also that basalt powder showed an important germination rate, and stimulated radicle and hypocotyl length.

The world is increasingly becoming a global village with the attendant implications on the earth’s biological capacity. Thus, it becomes imperative to empirically examine the impact of “globalization” on the “ecological footprint” of Sub-Saharan Africa. The investigation of the globalization and other macroeconomic variables impacts on the ecological footprint of 41 Sub-Saharan Africa countries using a dataset from 1990 to 2019, by employing PMG and CS-ARDL estimators is this study aim. Our findings shows that dejure and defacto globalization and renewable energy consumption have a positive and significant impact on ecological footprint, while economic growth, population and foreign direct investment (FDI) revealed a negative and significant effect on ecological footprint in the long-run. In addition, only population and FDI were found to have a positive and significant causal effect on ecological footprint in the short-run, while renewable energy consumption was found to have a negative causal effect on ecological footprint in the short-run. Finally, the study suggests some policy implications of our findings that would assist the policy makers in the SSA countries to reduce the over-exploitation of resources with the aim of achieving environmental sustainability.

In order to study the effects of agrophysiological responses of barley genotypes to salt stress and zinc fertilization, a field experiment was conducted in a strip-split block design with three replications. Saline irrigation water in three levels [2 (low), 10 (moderate) and 18 (high) dS m-1] were applied as vertical factors. Three barley genotypes [Morocco (salt-sensitive), Nosrat (semi salt-tolerant) and Khatam (salt-tolerant)] arranged within vertical factors. The horizontal factors were four zinc fertilizer applications [Nano-ZnO, Zn-EDTA, simultaneous applications of (Nano-ZnO + Zn-EDTA) and water (control)]. With increasing the salinity, maximal efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll content (SPAD), relative water content (RWC), K+ ion, K+,Na+ ratio, number of spike (NS), kernel number per spike (KNS), thousand-kernel weight (TKW) and grain yield (GY) decreased, but electrolyte leakage (EL) and Na+ ion increased. Tolerated genotype (Khatam) had maximum Fv/Fm, SPAD, RWC, K+ ion, K+,Na+ ratio, KNS and GY. Minus zinc application (check) had minimum Fv/Fm, SPAD, K+,Na+ ratio and GY. Nano-ZnO had the highest EL and the lowest KNS, K+ and Na+ ions. Zn-EDTA application provided the highest RWC, K+ ion, K+,Na+ ratio, KNS and GY. The achieved results highlighted the importance of Zn-EDTA application under salt-stress conditions.

The issues of business model innovations (BMI) and corporate performance have been receiving a tremendous attention from scholars, business captains, and other stakeholders. This is owing to the dynamic and competitive of the contemporary business environment which makes it imperative for every organization to devise a strategy that will enable them to achieve competitive advantage in the market where they operates. The literature shows some gaps that in the understanding of this relationship, as the studies in this area of research are more of theoretical than empirical. Thus, this study aimed at answer the following research questions: i) do business model innovations (BMI) have a relationship with sustainable innovations orientation (SIO)? 2) What are the drivers and outcomes of sustainable innovations orientation? 3) do management accounting and control systems (MACS) have a relationship with sustainable innovation orientations? 4) Do business model innovation influence corporate performance (environmental performance, financial performance, employee performance, and sustainable process and product innovations) through sustainable innovation orientation? 5) Do management accounting and control systems influence corporate performance through sustainable innovation orientation?. In order to address these questions, 400 structured questionnaires were administered to the managers of the selected manufacturing companies in United Arab Emirate (UAE), out of which 355 (88.75%) questionnaire were retrieved and utilized for further analysis. PLS-SEM was employed for the model structural testing with the SmartPLS 3 utilized for data processing. Our study revealed that BMI does not directly influence SIO, but has a direct relationship with MACS, while MACS has a direct relationship with SIO. While industry-related factor shows to be a significant driver of SIO, firm-related shows not to be a determinant. This study found environmental performance (environmental performance, financial performance, employee performance, and sustainable process and product innovations) to be the significant outcomes of sustainable innovation orientations. Thus, the argument of SIO influences the overall corporate performance was supported with our findings. In addition, it was established in this study that MACS partially mediates the relationship between BMI and SIO; while SIO partially mediates the relationship between the followings: MACS and sustainable process innovation; MACS and sustainable product innovations; MACS and environmental performance; and, MACS and financial performance. Lastly, the implications of the study and suggestion for future studies were addressed in the study.

The main aim of this study was to calculate the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop water requirements (ETC) for tomato crop located in the Nasik region of Maharashtra state using CROPWAT Model. The Metrological data from 26 year (1995 to 2020) of Nasik region for five station viz.Nasik, Niphad, Dindori, Peinth, Surgana was determine using FAO Penman-Monteith method. The ETo was maximum in May (7.45 mm day-1) and minimum in August (2.22 mm day-1) across the station. The annual ETo was maximum (57.5 mm day-1) at Niphad Station and minimum (50.9 mm day-1 ) at Nashik Station. The water requirement was minimum in Surgana station having a value of 460.9 mm as compare to all the stations, while it was maximum in Peint having a value of 497.8 mm. Stage wise mean water requirement shows that during initial stage was 34.7 mm, during development stage was 68.6mm,during mid-season stage was 230.76 mm and during late-season stage was 140.76 mm. Different stations showed variations in water requirement due to differences their local weather conditions.

Entrepreneurship is a term that has to be tied to an entrepreneur activity of both women and men. How this activity will be realized and continually carried out depends largely on the personal characteristics of an entrepreneur. In order to determine the perceived characteristics of women entrepreneurs and male entrepreneurs, an indicative survey was conducted on a sample of 1157 respondents of the young population, which with their competitive advantages represent an important incubator of entrepreneurial ideas, but also future creators of entrepreneurial reflection in the public. The results show that there are differences in attitudes towards the characteristics of women entrepreneurs and men entrepreneurs, with particular emphasis on differences in perception of women entrepreneurs in rural areas.

This study was carried out to determine the effects of sub-chronic thinner addiction on the oxidant− antioxidant balance, the relation between toxicity and oxidative stress, and a possible protective effect of α-lipoic acid against thinner toxication in rats. Sprague−Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups as follows: control (C), safranal (S), thinner (T), and thinner+safranal (TS). Each group consisted of 10 rats, and the study lasted for 8 weeks. After completing the animal studies malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), toluol, 8OHdG (8 hidroksi 2 deoksiguanozin), protein oxidation, nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant capacity (TOC), glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, WBC, VLDL, RBC, HCT, Hb, aspartate amino transferase (AST), and alanine amino transferase (ALT) levels were determined from blood specimens of the rats. Brain and lung tissues were also examined histopathologically. The data obtained from the study were statistically analyzed using SPSS, and both ANCOVA and Bonferroni tests were performed. P< 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. The results indicated that safranal had a protective and balancing effect against thinner inhalation oriented complications in rats.

Plant secondary metabolites that aid in green synthesis were used to synthesize Ag-nanoparticles, and it is anticipated that such biological processes would have benefits such as being environmentally friendly and gaining popularity. Ferula asafoetida gum aquous extract was initially qualified and quantified by NMR and GC-Mass, Consequently its ability for silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) biosynthesis was studied. Accordingly, The synthesized asafoetida gum (As-AgNPs) were characterized,the absorption peak in UV-visible spectroscopy was at 460 nm. In SEM image, Ag NPs were spherical, rod and cuboid in shape with average size of 39 nm. FTIR spectrum of the Ag NPs bands at 2958,2924,2858,1463,1379 and 723 cm−1 silver ions were incorporated with asafoetida gum, as indicated by the presence of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups.Comparison of the FTIR spectrum of the Ag NPs with the essential oil revealed the presence of compounds responsible for reducing and capping the silver ions. XRD pattern AgNPs showed four large peaks at shows five diffraction peaks at 2θ = 38.90° (111) , 44.26° (200), 64.43° (220) and 78.38° (311) suggested the presence of crystal structure. Ferula asafoetida gum can be successfully used for biosynthesis of Ag NPs.