Hazelnut, which is one of the products with the highest fluctuation in production amount depending on climate conditions, it is affected by many factors such as loss of land, plant protection factors and growing problems. The problems of hazelnut production areas may lead to major socio-economic impacts, especially to Turkey, which has provided the world hazelnut production amount ca 75%. In particular, weeds management has a major challenge for hazelnut production in Turkey. Moreover, the traditional hazelnut garden facility system facilitates the establishment of weeds in the relevant areas. In here, the statuses of Heracleum taxa, which have recently been determined as weeds in hazelnut plantations in Düzce province in the Northwest Black Sea Region of Turkey, have been investigated. H. Platytaenium Boiss. and H. sphondylium subsp. ternatum (Velen.) Brummitt environmental and socio-economic impacts and the risk levels were determined, and a management program was developed for the relevant taxa.\nThe risk analysis of taxa was performed as per the Australian Weed Risk Assessment, modified according to the conditions of Turkey. Results reveal high risk scores for H. platytaenium and H. sphondylium subsp. ternatum, indicating the need for consistent monitoring and management intervention. Hence, these taxa exhibit characteristics compatible with invasive plant species. However, they were evaluated as expanding taxa instead of invasive due to be native to Turkey. \nBased on these results I provide suggestions critical for bridging management gaps on the restoration of infested plantations and prevention of the further spread of the Heracleum taxa.

Consumers’ interest in organic honey is motivated by both the nutritional characteristics of this food and the view that organic products have beneficial effects on health. With the growing consumer concern for food safety, organic products, including honey, are becoming increasingly significant competitors to conventionally produced agricultural and food products. It is indisputable that there are natural conditions for organic agriculture in Serbia, including the production of organic honey. In current market conditions, the prevalence of this production is determined by economic aspects. This paper analyses economic justification of organic honey production. The particular emphasis was placed on specific revenues and expenses that occur in organic honey production, and economic justification was examined by calculating indicators of economic efficiency, profitability and labour productivity. Based on the collected data, a calculation of production was made and a profitability threshold was established, which is achieved with 38 bee colonies, or with production volume of 570 kg of honey. Farms with more colonies have better indicators of production success. The expenses arising from the transition from conventional to organic production will be most quickly covered by farms with 200 bee colonies that generate enough income from organic honey production to operate positively in the third year of organizing such production.

Climate is the main factor for determining the distribution and abundance of locust species globally. During the present survey impact of climate on abrupt swarming of Schistocerca gregaria was examined. Locusts swarms landing on vast fields of cotton, wheat, maize, sugarcane and other standing crops in fertile parts of southern Punjab. It is estimated that million acres fertile land was badly affected by this sudden eruption although, earlier plagues persist for shorter time periods but recent plague is largest one started from March, 2019 and still continued. Control measures has been taken against Desert locust over 349440 hectors and aerial spray with (Malathion 95% ULV) on 300 hectors while ground operation was carried out on 92535 hectors. The present study is an important contribution on locust swarming and their action in southern Punjab.

Alachlor is a chloroacetanilideherbicideused in agriculture globally. It is a carcinogen and also an estrogen. It is banned inEuropean countries due to its toxicity. The present study was focused ontoxicity and antioxidant enzymeactivitiesinLabeorohitaafter exposed to alachlorfor 96 h. The obtained data revealed that L. rohita exposed to 0.30 mg/L for 96 h showed significant changes in acetylcholinesetrase (AChE) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in L. rohita.The pathological variation werenoticed in liver, brain, kidney and pancrease of L. rohita, when exposed to above mentioned concentration of alachlor. These results can be used in aquatic species as an implication for fish safety assessment purpose.

Assessment on highly demanded characteristics among brinjal germplasm specifically on yield and yield component performance in different growing and yield performance environment plays pivotal role in crop improvement. Following this background, genetic diversity and selection criteria of agro-morphological parameters among 29 brinjal germplasm from Malaysia, China, and Thailand under two cropping conditions specifically; open field and fertigation system in the glasshouse. This study has structured to estimate genetic variance and heritability values of the brinjal germplasm in two different cropping conditions and to propose the superior selection criteria for further breeding programmes. Wide ranges of variation and significant differences (P≤0.01) were observed via analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in the set of 29 brinjal accessions for all traits, namely; fruit yield per plant (FYP), total number of fruit (TNF), average fruit weight (AFW), number of fruit per bunch (NFB), fruit diameter (DFR), fruit girth (FGI), fruit length (FLE), fruit length to width ratio (FLW) and stem diameter (SDM) studied in both cropping conditions. All accessions were discriminated into six main groups based on agro-morphological parameters using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Also, this study resulted significant yield associated traits in brinjal which were FGI, DFR, FLE, and NFB that have the strongest correlation with Principal Component (PC) 1 that can be further developed under open field as desirable environmental cropping conditions. The results provide relevant information in emphasizing of brinjal selection criteria in the decision making of designated model for genetic diversity evaluation synergized with crop performance in suitable cropping condition.

Plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere is an important factor that determinants plant health, productivity, and soil fertility. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are bacteria present in rhizosphere soil that can enhance plant growth and protect plants from disease and abiotic stresses through a wide variety of mechanisms; those that establish close associations with plants, such as the endophytes, could be highly efficient in plant growth promotion. Various important bacterial characteristics, such as biological nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, production of IAA and ammonia, can be assessed as plant growth promotion (PGP) traits. The capacity to solubilize inorganic phosphate by these Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) can be attributed to the secretion of organic acids, which could prove the utilization of insoluble phosphate. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria have been studied, making use of increasing fixed Phosphate in the soil and improving crop production at the field level. In the current study three bacterial strains such as Maricaulis virginensis, Kosakonia oryzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated with efficient phosphate solubilization capabilities produced organic acid and also proved to promote plant growth-promoting abilities. During the solubilization, various organic acids were produced like organic acids formic, gluconic, 2-ethyl hexanoic acid, n- heptanoic acid. The isolated bacterial strains showed antifungal activity, illustrating its biocontrol ability. The application of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacterial strains enhanced and increased the root, shoot length and accumulated Phosphorous content in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings. The study also involved the analysis of the ppq-operons from the isolated PSB Bacterial strains. The use of such PSB bacterial strains with multifarious traits could be used as bio-fertilizers for ameliorating the salt stress for the plants.

Information Systems (IS) have become crucial for all of organizations to survive in contemporary technology-oriented environment. Consequently, the number of companies and organizations are increasing which have invested widely in their IS infrastructures to present better services and to produce higher value products. On the other hand, nowadays, because of the increase of governmental rules and serious requirements of more people in the case of environmental protection, it seems necessary for all enterprises to follow these regulations if they want to survive in the global markets. However, everything is not about the agreement of companies with these environmental laws, further, they should apply some strategies to decrease the negative environmental impacts of their products in some countries. Thus, the aforementioned arguments are the reasons of the compulsory using of green supplier selection (GSS) in all firms. Considering the mentioned contents, the purpose of this study is representation of the relation between ISs and GSS as two vital components of firms in a novel way which have not been done before. Actually, it shows the ISs\' performance or effectiveness to select the green suppliers taking into account the different levels of importance of GSS measures (including eight criteria and 31 sub-criteria), using a multi-criteria decision-making method called Best Worst Method (BWM) to identify the weights (importance) of GSS measures and compute the GSS performance of 10 ISs in a company using the data gathered in a survey from ISs\' experts.