Digitization accelerates access to specimens but also raises concerns about substituted or manipulated scans. We curated a balanced set of authentic high-resolution sheet images and controlled forgeries produced by splicing label regions and altering color histograms. A compact convolutional architecture with frequency-domain augmentations achieved area-under-curve above 0.91 on holdout accessions from three institutions. False positives clustered on faded type specimens with uneven lighting. Human expert review remained necessary for borderline cases involving legitimate conservation treatment. We release feature scripts and stress that automated scores should support, not replace, curatorial judgment. Ethical use guidelines prohibit deployment against living collectors without consent frameworks.

Evening employment is common among older adolescents yet its cognitive sequelae remain underdocumented outside high-income samples. We assessed 94 students with paid evening shifts using a task-switching battery and morningness-eveningness questionnaires across two school terms. Actigraphy confirmed delayed sleep onsets relative to non-working peers. Reaction time costs on switch trials were elevated after consecutive late closes, with partial recovery following two rest days. Self-reported caffeine use masked but did not eliminate differences. Schools and employers may benefit from coordinated scheduling caps and transport safety planning. The study underscores measurement limits of cross-sectional sleep diaries alone.

Short-term creative contracts suffer from ambiguous deliverables and hold-up risk when reputation signals are noisy. We model a repeated principal–agent setting with subjective quality assessment and optional milestone payments. Simulations calibrated to survey data from illustrators and small studios show that modest revenue-sharing improves effort when clients cannot commit to long panels. Pure fixed-fee arrangements dominated only when talent pools were thick and ratings were verifiable. Interviews highlighted informal renegotiation norms that formal models understate. Policy implications include transparent escrow timelines and dispute pathways that do not privilege large buyers. Data were anonymized and collected under institutional review.

Monoculture fallows deplete labile carbon pools in semi-arid cropping belts. A four-year on-farm trial compared bare fallow, single-species rye, and three- and six-species cover mixtures preceding spring wheat. Composite samples to 30 cm were analyzed for total organic carbon, particulate organic matter, and microbial biomass carbon. Mixtures with legumes increased particulate fractions after two cycles, but benefits plateaued when legume biomass was uneven. Mineral N availability in spring interacted with preceding mixture composition. Economic partial budgets favored simpler mixes where seed costs were high. Findings support targeted subsidies for diversified covers when water storage is not limiting establishment.

National history textbooks often marginalize imperial afterlives even when digitized primary sources are available. We designed a ten-week module pairing colonial office correspondence with oral histories from two port cities, delivered to 180 students in four schools. Mixed methods assessment combined document analysis rubrics and focus groups with teachers. Students who engaged with conflicting testimonies showed larger gains in sourcing and corroboration skills than a comparison group using textbook-only materials. Teachers reported workload constraints when archival portals lacked stable URLs. We argue for lightweight metadata standards that link classroom tasks to persistent civic collections without requiring proprietary platforms.

Irregular adherence undermines chronic disease control yet is poorly captured by single time-point surveys. We assembled twelve months of refill intervals for hypertensive patients enrolled through nine community pharmacies. A hierarchical Bayesian model partitioned variance across patients, pharmacies, and calendar months, incorporating informative priors on dropout. Posterior intervals indicated stronger month-to-month persistence than prior literature assumed for similar populations. Sensitivity analyses showed conclusions were stable when refill lag was extended by one week. The approach offers pharmacists a principled way to flag at-risk individuals without overfitting small clusters. Ethical review and de-identification protocols followed national pharmacy association guidance.

Urban heat islands complicate public health planning and energy demand forecasting. We evaluate a low-cost multispectral payload mounted on a sub-2 kg uncrewed aerial system to map canopy and pavement thermal contrasts at sub-meter resolution across three midsize cities. Flight campaigns were timed to capture morning, midday, and evening transitions. Radiometric calibration followed manufacturer protocols with in situ blackbody checks. Geostatistical surfaces highlighted persistent hot corridors along arterials and cooler pockets linked to mature tree cover. Results suggest that inexpensive UAS workflows can support municipal greening priorities when fused with open land-cover layers, though wind gusts above 8 m s?¹ degraded repeatability. Limitations include restricted overflight zones and seasonal leaf-off effects in temperate zones.

Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a long-leaved fruit tree historically regarded as a forest species found in various environmental conditions, shaped by a mix of spatial and temporal factors. In this study, we aimed to explore the Genotype-by-Environment Interaction (GEI) by assessing the adaptability and stability of one landrace and four introduced walnut genotypes (Franquette, Hartley, Parisienne, and Lozerone) in terms of their kernel ratio. Data were collected from multi-site trials conducted in the northewest of Tunisia (Bousalem) and the north of Tunisia (Mateur) over two consecutive years, 2019 and 2020.To analyze genotype-environment interaction, we calculated kernel ratio parameter to assess adaptability (Joint Regression Analysis: bi) and stability (AMMI (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction) stability value: ASV) for the five genotypes across the four site-year combinations. The four introduced genotypes showed high kernel ratio values, while the landrace had the lowest. Based on the adaptability parameter (bi), the results indicated that the genotype �Parisienne� is suited for all environments, �Lozerone� thrives in poorer environments, and �Franquette� is best adapted to favorable conditions. However, when assessed using the AMMI Stability Value (ASV), both the Landrace and �Hartley� were identified as the most stable cultivars. Therefore, based on this study, we recommend the genotype �Landrace� and �Hartley� for all environments and �Lozerone� for less favorable conditions.